{"id":486,"date":"2025-08-08T12:55:17","date_gmt":"2025-08-08T10:55:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/?p=486"},"modified":"2025-08-11T18:37:20","modified_gmt":"2025-08-11T16:37:20","slug":"vplyv-anglickej-internetovej-kultury-na-memy-v-slovenskom-a-ruskom-kybernetickom-priestore","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/?p=486","title":{"rendered":"Vplyv anglickej internetovej kult\u00fary na m\u00e9my v slovenskom a ruskom kybernetickom priestore\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n

Autorka: Vikt\u00f3ria Kaderov\u00e1
Korekt\u00fara: Ter\u00e9zia Siv\u010d\u00e1kov\u00e1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n

M\u00e9my sa stali neoddelite\u013enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou dne\u0161nej internetovej kult\u00fary. Vyjadruj\u00fa em\u00f3cie, sprostredk\u00favaj\u00fa inform\u00e1cie a prisp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa sa ako kult\u00fare, tak aj jazyku. Slovo m\u00e9m<\/em> vych\u00e1dza z anglick\u00e9ho meme<\/em>, ktor\u00e9 zaviedol britsk\u00fd zool\u00f3g a evolu\u010dn\u00fd biol\u00f3g Richard Dawkins e\u0161te v sedemdesiatych rokoch 20. storo\u010dia v knihe s n\u00e1zvom Sebeck\u00fd g\u00e9n<\/em> (The Selfish Gene<\/em>). Kniha sa prim\u00e1rne venuje popisu g\u00e9nu ako hlavnej jednotky, ktor\u00e1 figuruje pri biologick\u00fdch a evolu\u010dn\u00fdch procesoch, ako s\u00fa replik\u00e1cia a pr\u00edrodn\u00fd v\u00fdber. Sebeck\u00fd g\u00e9n<\/em> je ale zn\u00e1my aj t\u00fdm, \u017ee v tejto knihe autor predstavil te\u00f3riu m\u00e9mov. Definoval ich ako imagin\u00e1rne \u010dastice, cez ktor\u00e9 sa kult\u00fara vyv\u00edja, pren\u00e1\u0161a a \u010falej replikuje cez jednotku imit\u00e1cie (memetika). Na pomenovanie tohto javu Dawkins vych\u00e1dzal z gr\u00e9ckeho slova mimeme<\/em>, pri\u010dom chcel n\u00e1js\u0165 monosylabick\u00e9 slovo znej\u00face podobne ako gene<\/em> (g\u00e9n), a tak vznikla skratka meme<\/em>[1]<\/a> alebo po slovensky m\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dawkins \u010falej p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee m\u00e9my sa mno\u017eia rovnako ako g\u00e9ny: sk\u00e1\u010du z tela na telo podobne ako spermie a vaj\u00ed\u010dka, s rozdielom, \u017ee m\u00e9my sa mno\u017eia sk\u00e1kan\u00edm z mozgu do mozgu, \u010do v \u0161ir\u0161om zmysle mo\u017eno nazva\u0165 kop\u00edrovan\u00edm\/imit\u00e1ciou. Jednoducho povedan\u00e9, ak sa nejak\u00e1 my\u0161lienka uchyt\u00ed, r\u00fdchlo a \u013eahko sa \u0161\u00edri od osoby k osobe a tento cyklus sa opakuje, \u010do je jeden z d\u00f4vodov, pre\u010do Dawkinsov kolega Humphrey povedal, \u017ee m\u00e9my treba pova\u017eova\u0165 za \u017eiv\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00fary nie len metaforicky, ale aj technicky[2]<\/a>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hist\u00f3ria m\u00e9mov v\u0161ak siaha desiatky \u010di stovky rokov dozadu. \u013dudia ako druh s\u00fa odnepam\u00e4ti tvoriv\u00ed a d\u00f4kazy tejto kreativity sa na\u0161li na viacer\u00fdch miestach vo svete. \u010ci u\u017e mysl\u00edme na jaskynn\u00e9 ma\u013eby vo Franc\u00fazsku alebo \u0160panielsku, na hieroglyfy \u010di ru\u010dne vy\u0161\u00edvan\u00e9 tapety, \u013eudia si v\u017edy na\u0161li nejak\u00fa formu komunik\u00e1cie. Za predchodcov m\u00e9mov m\u00f4\u017eeme pova\u017eova\u0165 plag\u00e1ty, karikat\u00fary, znelky a mel\u00f3die, slovn\u00e9 hra\u010dky a i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jedn\u00fdm dobr\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom s\u00fa mozaiky. V apr\u00edli 2016 archeol\u00f3govia v Turecku kone\u010dne plne odkryli mozaiku datovan\u00fa do tretieho storo\u010dia p. n. l. a jej nadmerne dobr\u00fd stav pote\u0161il nielen vedcov, ale aj verejnos\u0165. Na mozaike je mo\u017en\u00e9 vidie\u0165 kostlivca, ktor\u00fd sa pokojne opiera lak\u0165om o zem a je obklopen\u00fd v\u00ednom a jedlom, pri\u010dom ho sprev\u00e1dza n\u00e1pis: \u201eBu\u010f vesel\u00fd a \u017ei svoj \u017eivot\u201c[3]<\/a> (obr. 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento obr\u00e1zok vyvolal v internetovom priestore okam\u017eit\u00fd ohlas. \u013dudia prirovn\u00e1vali motto z mozaiky k skratke YOLO (You Only Live Once \u2013 \u017dije\u0161 len raz), vytvorenej zn\u00e1mym spev\u00e1kom vystupuj\u00facim pod menom Drake, nako\u013eko posolstvo kostlivca z Turecka sa na\u0148 hlavnou my\u0161lienkou podob\u00e1. Mozaika sa sklad\u00e1 z troch \u010dast\u00ed, pri\u010dom panel s kostlivcom je posledn\u00fd v porad\u00ed a odkazuje na filozofiu, \u017ee v\u0161etci raz zomrieme, a preto je potrebn\u00e9 si \u017eivot u\u017ei\u0165 naplno (aj za pomoci zdravej d\u00e1vky nihilizmu).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

(obr. 1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Tak\u00fdchto vzorov by sme ur\u010dite na\u0161li mnoho, ale na \u00fa\u010dely tejto pr\u00e1ce sa posunieme o nieko\u013eko storo\u010d\u00ed dopredu, konkr\u00e9tne do dvadsiatych rokov 20. storo\u010dia. V roku 1921 satirick\u00fd \u010dasopis The Judge,<\/em> publikovan\u00fd univerzitou v \u0161t\u00e1te Iowa, vydal \u010d\u00edslo, v ktorom sa pod\u013ea mnoh\u00fdch objavila jedna z prv\u00fdch modern\u00fdch verzi\u00ed m\u00e9mu zachyten\u00e9ho v m\u00e9di\u00e1ch[4]<\/a>.      <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n

Obr\u00e1zok je rozdelen\u00fd na dva panely. Na \u013eavej strane je kresba mlad\u00e9ho, elegantne oble\u010den\u00e9ho mu\u017ea v obleku, s uhladen\u00fdmi vlasmi a peknou tv\u00e1rou, a pod panelom je nap\u00edsan\u00e9: \u201eAko si mysl\u00ed\u0161, \u017ee vyzer\u00e1\u0161, ke\u010f ti robia fotku\u201c. Prav\u00e1 strana vyobrazuje \u00fapln\u00fd opak \u2013 mlad\u00fd mu\u017e m\u00e1 zrazu vlasy strapat\u00e9, uhol fotky je nelichotiv\u00fd a ukazuje \u010ditate\u013eovi zveli\u010den\u00e9 \u010drty, ako ve\u013ek\u00e9 u\u0161i a vyjaven\u00e9 o\u010di, \u010do mu\u017eovi dod\u00e1va tup\u00fd v\u00fdraz. Pod t\u00fdmto panelom je vtipne a v kr\u00e1tkosti nap\u00edsan\u00e9: \u201eAko v skuto\u010dnosti vyzer\u00e1\u0161\u201c (obr. 2).      <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n

V dne\u0161nej dobe n\u00e1m t\u00e1to \u0161abl\u00f3na nie je cudzia. Modern\u00e1 verzia tohto datovan\u00e9ho m\u00e9mu je zn\u00e1ma ako \u201eo\u010dak\u00e1vania vs realita\u201c, kde takisto na \u013eavej strane vyobrazujeme to najlep\u0161ie alebo najkraj\u0161ie, pri\u010dom hne\u010f ved\u013ea ukazujeme \u0161okuj\u00faci kontrast dan\u00e9ho o\u010dak\u00e1vania. Vid\u00edme tu tak potvrdenie propag\u00e1cie, ktor\u00fa o 50 rokov nesk\u00f4r nap\u00edsal Dawkins.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

(obr. 2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Ako sme mohli vidie\u0165, oba vy\u0161\u0161ie spomenut\u00e9 \u201eprvotn\u00e9\u201c m\u00e9my z \u010dasti potvrdzuj\u00fa Dawkinsonovu te\u00f3riu mno\u017eenia sa my\u0161lienok a ich roz\u0161irovania sa z osoby na osobu. M\u00e9my s kostlivcami sa \u010dastokr\u00e1t sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa s hedonizmom \u010di nihilizmom a mot\u00edv YOLO vznikol v inej podobe skor\u0161ie, ako by sme si boli mysleli. M\u00e9m \u201eo\u010dak\u00e1vania vs realita\u201c m\u00e1 zasa modern\u00e9 podoby, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa dodnes ve\u013emi popul\u00e1rne a \u010dasto sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach. S\u00fa to pr\u00e1ve soci\u00e1lne siete, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e9my mno\u017eia \u010falej \u2013 jeden \u010dlovek vymysl\u00ed m\u00e9m, zaves\u00ed ho na internet, t\u00e9ma sa uchyt\u00ed a \u0161\u00edri sa do v\u0161etk\u00fdch str\u00e1n, dosahuj\u00fac tak r\u00f4zne skupiny \u013eud\u00ed.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pozoruhodn\u00e9 na fenom\u00e9ne m\u00e9mov je, \u017ee s\u00fa dobr\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom kreoliza\u010dn\u00fdch textov. Svetlana Kanashina z Moskovsk\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1tneho in\u0161tit\u00fatu medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch vz\u0165ahov vo svojej pr\u00e1ci z roku 2020 spom\u00edna vedky\u0148u E. E. Anisimovu, ktor\u00e1 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee kreolizovan\u00fd text je komplexn\u00fd text, kde verb\u00e1lne a obrazov\u00e9 elementy formuj\u00fa vizu\u00e1lny, \u0161truktur\u00e1lny, s\u00e9mantick\u00fd a funk\u010dn\u00fd celok, ktor\u00fd je mieren\u00fd pragmaticky ovplyvni\u0165 recipienta[5]<\/a>. M\u00e9my s\u00fa predov\u0161etk\u00fdm n\u00e1stroje internetovej komunik\u00e1cie a tento kybernetick\u00fd priestor z\u00e1rove\u0148 men\u00ed s\u00e9mantiku niektor\u00fdch textov v tejto sf\u00e9re od tej, \u010do sa sp\u00e1ja s tradi\u010dn\u00fdmi kreolizovan\u00fdmi textami.         <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pribl\u00ed\u017eme si teda, \u010do to tie kreolizovan\u00e9 texty vlastne s\u00fa. Tradi\u010dne i\u0161lo o tla\u010den\u00e9 texty, napr\u00edklad plag\u00e1ty, komiksy \u010di dokonca aj in\u0161trukcie podobn\u00e9 n\u00e1vodom z IKEA. Kreolizovan\u00e9 texty, najm\u00e4 na internete, maj\u00fa bin\u00e1rnu \u0161trukt\u00faru a pozost\u00e1vaj\u00fa z verb\u00e1lnej \u010dasti (text) a neverb\u00e1lnej \u010dasti (grafick\u00fd komponent). Je potrebn\u00e9, aby boli pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 oba komponenty, inak by i\u0161lo v\u00fdlu\u010dne o text alebo len o obr\u00e1zok[6]<\/a>. Text aj obr\u00e1zok maj\u00fa medzi sebou symbiotick\u00fd vz\u0165ah, navz\u00e1jom sa dop\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa a pom\u00e1haj\u00fa n\u00e1m ch\u00e1pa\u0165 s\u00e9mantiku toho, \u010do sa adres\u00e1t sna\u017e\u00ed komunikova\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010co rob\u00ed m\u00e9my jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi, je to, \u017ee ide o kreolizovan\u00e9 texty sprostredkov\u00e1van\u00e9 cez po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. Toto pos\u00fava proces kreoliz\u00e1cie a odha\u013eovania zmyslu internetov\u00e9ho m\u00e9mu, preto\u017ee to, ako sa vyv\u00edja technol\u00f3gia a po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, z\u00e1rove\u0148 ovplyv\u0148uje aj kult\u00faru m\u00e9mov. Internetov\u00e9 m\u00e9my s\u00fa o to viac \u0161peci\u00e1lne, \u017ee po sebe zanech\u00e1vaj\u00fa stopy v m\u00e9di\u00e1ch, cez ktor\u00e9 sa propaguj\u00fa, \u010d\u00edm sa vieme dop\u00e1tra\u0165 k ich za\u010diatkom a analyzova\u0165 ich do h\u013abky.            <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po\u010diatky internetov\u00fdch m\u00e9mov m\u00f4\u017eeme vyp\u00e1tra\u0165 u\u017e v\u00a090. rokoch minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia. Za \u00faplne prv\u00e9 m\u00e9my sa pova\u017euj\u00fa\u00a0Dancing Baby\u00a0<\/em>a\u00a0Hampster Dance[7]<\/a><\/em>\u00a0(obr. 3 a\u00a04). Dancing Baby bola 3D-renderovan\u00e1 anim\u00e1cia modelu die\u0165a\u0165a v\u00a0plienkach, ktor\u00e9 tancovalo na \u0161t\u00fdl\u00a0cha-cha<\/em>[8]<\/a>.\u00a0Hampster Dance<\/em>\u00a0bol zase GIF pozost\u00e1vaj\u00faci z\u00a0nieko\u013ek\u00fdch riadkov kreslen\u00fdch animovan\u00fdch \u0161kre\u010dkov. Oba tieto m\u00e9my sa stali fenom\u00e9nmi ku koncu 90. rokov. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je podotkn\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee m\u00e9my sa vtedy \u0161\u00edrili najm\u00e4 cez emailov\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy alebo internetov\u00e9 f\u00f3ra a\u00a0vtedaj\u0161\u00ed pomal\u0161\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9m internetu umo\u017enil t\u00fdmto m\u00e9mom \u201e\u017ei\u0165\u201c dlh\u0161ie. V\u00a0dne\u0161nej dobe je ve\u013ek\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 m\u00e9mov sk\u00f4r obdobn\u00e1 a\u00a0ich \u0161abl\u00f3ny maj\u00fa tendenciu sa r\u00fdchlo prestrieda\u0165. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

(obr. 3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

(obr. 4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

S postupn\u00fdm v\u00fdvojom internetu a soci\u00e1lnych siet\u00ed v\u0161ak evol\u00facii pod\u013eahli aj m\u00e9my samotn\u00e9. Medzi prv\u00e9 str\u00e1nky tvoriace nov\u00fd form\u00e1t m\u00e9mov patr\u00ed napr\u00edklad 4chan, kde sa cez obr\u00e1zok p\u00edsal text s u\u0161tipa\u010dn\u00fdmi pozn\u00e1mkami. In\u00e9 typy m\u00e9mov z tej doby boli napr\u00edklad aj parodizovan\u00e9 plag\u00e1ty s motiva\u010dn\u00fdmi spr\u00e1vami, obr\u00e1zky upravovan\u00e9 v programe Photoshop \u010di nov\u00fd \u017e\u00e1ner komiksu \u2013 rage comics<\/em> (kreslen\u00e9 komiksy, kde ich tvorca vyjadroval svoj hnev cez zveli\u010den\u00e9 kresby em\u00f3ci\u00ed). Nesmieme zanedba\u0165 ani rolu ma\u010diek v internetovej sf\u00e9re \u2013 asi najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ou ma\u010dkou rozkvitaj\u00faceho internetu bola Grumpy Cat<\/em>, ma\u010dka, ktorej sklesl\u00fd a nahnevan\u00fd v\u00fdraz tv\u00e1re zrodil mnoho reak\u010dn\u00fdch m\u00e9mov. Po tom, ako vznikol Youtube v roku 2005, vznikli m\u00e9my vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00face video ako hlavn\u00fd grafick\u00fd komponent; najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00ed dodnes pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00faci a popul\u00e1rny m\u00e9m sa vol\u00e1 Rickroll[9]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1stup soci\u00e1lnych siet\u00ed, ako Facebook, Twitter a Instagram, \u0161\u00edrenie m\u00e9mov zr\u00fdchlil. Nie je teda ne\u010dakan\u00e9, \u017ee m\u00e9my mali najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdbuch pr\u00e1ve na z\u00e1pade. Anglof\u00f3nna kult\u00fara celkom jasne patr\u00ed medzi najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch trend-setterov vo svete. Je to pr\u00e1ve v\u010faka vplyvu z\u00e1padn\u00e9ho sveta a ich inov\u00e1ci\u00ed v internetovom priestore, \u017ee sa m\u00e9my za\u010dali \u0161\u00edri\u0165 \u010falej. Dnes u\u017e maj\u00fa kult\u00fary mo\u017enos\u0165 navz\u00e1jom sa ovplyv\u0148ova\u0165, ale nako\u013eko angli\u010dtina figuruje ako novodob\u00e1 lingua franca<\/em>, tak sa drviv\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina m\u00e9mov prvotne vyskytne v anglof\u00f3nnej \u010dasti internetu. Tomuto tie\u017e napom\u00e1haj\u00fa novodob\u00e9 mo\u017enosti \u0161\u00edrenia inform\u00e1ci\u00ed v\u010faka influencerom. Dokonca do toho prispievaj\u00fa aj \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed do anglof\u00f3nnej kult\u00fary etnicky ani lingvisticky nepatria a neb\u00fdvaj\u00fa v anglof\u00f3nnej krajine, no napriek tomu tvoria v cudzom jazyku a podie\u013eaj\u00fa sa na v\u00fdvoji ako zahrani\u010dnej, tak aj ich vlastnej kult\u00fary.        <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako sme u\u017e mohli vidie\u0165, po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00e9my (Dancing Baby a Hampster Dance<\/em>) nemali \u017eiadny riadny kontext, dokonca ani nemali primeran\u00fa bin\u00e1rnu podobu, no napriek tomu pr\u00e1ve v\u010faka propag\u00e1cii, ich \u0161\u00edreniu a popularite s\u00fa pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za m\u00e9my. Dnes na internete n\u00e1jdeme mnoho typov m\u00e9mov, ktor\u00e9 by si zasl\u00fa\u017eili svoj osobitn\u00fd v\u00fdskum a kategoriz\u00e1ciu, ale v tomto v\u00fdskume sa zamierame len na mal\u00fa \u010das\u0165 z nich.           <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Najprv si v kr\u00e1tkosti spome\u0148me nieko\u013eko kontextov, v ktor\u00fdch m\u00f4\u017eeme m\u00e9my be\u017ene stretn\u00fa\u0165. Ich r\u00f4znorodos\u0165 je neporovnate\u013en\u00e1 \u2013 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa v marketingu, \u010doraz viac aj v politike (alebo sk\u00f4r ako reakcia na \u0148u), na opis re\u00e1li\u00ed rozli\u010dn\u00fdch kraj\u00edn, \u013eudia nimi vyjadruj\u00fa svoje pocity a dokonca si na\u0161li svoje miesto aj vo vzdel\u00e1van\u00ed. \u010ci u\u017e ide o nie\u010do univerz\u00e1lne, ako spomienky z detstva, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa mnoh\u00fdm pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9 aspo\u0148 do istej miery (napr\u00edklad chodenie na pr\u00e1zdniny k babke a jej n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 vykrmovanie vn\u00fa\u010dat), alebo veci, ako s\u00fa materstvo, \u0161port, tr\u00e1pne z\u00e1\u017eitky zo \u017eivota \u010di hry \u2013 toto v\u0161etko si n\u00e1jde svoje vyjadrenie prostredn\u00edctvom m\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preto\u017ee sme si u\u017e na\u010drtli anglick\u00fd internetov\u00fd priestor ako tzv. \u201etrend-settera\u201c, tak si to m\u00f4\u017eeme overi\u0165 napr\u00edklad na m\u00e9moch s ma\u010dkami. Ma\u010dky odnepam\u00e4ti patria medzi ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e9 reak\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00e9my, kde n\u00e1m p\u00f3za alebo grimasa danej ma\u010dky figuruje ako grafick\u00fd komponent a textov\u00fd komponent ho dop\u013a\u0148a s trefnou pointou, ktor\u00fa si dan\u00e1 predloha (obr\u00e1zok) vy\u017eaduje. M\u00e9m Grumpy Cat<\/em> n\u00e1m v\u00fdborne posl\u00fa\u017ei ako n\u00e1zorn\u00e1 uk\u00e1\u017eka, ako sa tento m\u00e9m premietol do slovenskej a ruskej internetovej kult\u00fary naj\u010dastej\u0161ie v rokoch medzi 2012 a\u017e 2015. Pointou Grumpy Cat<\/em> je, \u017ee mus\u00edme nap\u00edsa\u0165 text, ktor\u00fd vystihuje na\u0161u pochm\u00farnu n\u00e1ladu vo\u010di nejakej v\u0161eobecnej veci alebo aj ku konkr\u00e9tnej osobe. V hornej \u010dasti obr\u00e1zku sa p\u00ed\u0161e prv\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 s\u00favetia pred \u010diarkou, v druhej zasa zvy\u0161ok po pomyselnej \u010diarke.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nasleduj\u00face poradie obr\u00e1zkov ide postupne v jazykoch angli\u010dtina, ru\u0161tina a sloven\u010dina, aby sme si uk\u00e1zali, ako sa m\u00e9m p\u00f4vodom z Ameriky[10]<\/a> dostal aj do slovansk\u00fdch kult\u00far. Autor anglickej verzie (obr. 5) nap\u00edsal: \u201eAk by sa \u0161karedos\u0165 merala v tehl\u00e1ch, tak z teba by bol Ve\u013ek\u00fd \u010d\u00ednsky m\u00far\u201c. V ruskej verzii (obr. 6) sa p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201e\u0411\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e,\u201c v preklade: \u201eBez vodky s tebou nahnevan\u00fd koc\u00far nechce ma\u0165 ni\u010d spolo\u010dn\u00e9\u201c. A ako posledn\u00fa uv\u00e1dzame slovensk\u00fa verziu (obr. 7) m\u00e9mu s nasledovn\u00fdm textom: \u201eAk si smutn\u00fd z toho, \u017ee bude\u0161 na Valent\u00edna s\u00e1m, spome\u0148 si, \u017ee ani po zvy\u0161ok roka \u0165a nikto nem\u00e1 r\u00e1d\u201c.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n

(obr. 5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(obr. 6)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (obr. 7)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento trend pou\u017e\u00edvania jednej predlohy v r\u00f4znych jazykoch bol ve\u013emi popul\u00e1rny a dodnes pretrv\u00e1va. S nov\u00fdmi mo\u017enos\u0165ami \u201evyr\u00e1bania\u201c m\u00e9mov z prakticky ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek obsahu sa v\u0161ak v tomto smere trochu popustila uzda a rusk\u00e9 aj slovensk\u00e9 internetov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky si za\u010dali vym\u00fd\u0161\u013ea\u0165 vlastn\u00e9 m\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 \u010derpali z na\u0161ej dom\u00e1cej kult\u00fary. Dobr\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom je postava zn\u00e1meho slovensk\u00e9ho moder\u00e1tora Andreja Bi\u010dana a \u0161ou, ktor\u00fa moderoval, s n\u00e1zvom 5 proti 5<\/em>. Internetov\u00e1 osobnos\u0165 Vettergis<\/em>, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 na starosti str\u00e1nku s m\u00e9mami na platform\u00e1ch Instagram a Facebook, pou\u017eil Bi\u010dana v m\u00e9moch s referenciou na u\u017e spomenut\u00fa telev\u00edznu rel\u00e1ciu. Tvorca \u010derpal z anglickej predlohy m\u00e9mu \u201eMy face when<\/em>\u201c a prelo\u017eil ju ako MTK (moja tv\u00e1r ke\u010f) a n\u00e1sledne to skombinoval s dvoma obr\u00e1zkami \u2013 prv\u00fd je z filmu P\u00e1n prste\u0148ov, kde je Frodo Baggins s jeho cit\u00e1tom: \u201eAll right then, keep your secrets\u201c (No dobre, nechaj si svoje tajomstv\u00e1), \u010do bolo adresovan\u00e9 Gandalfovi, pri\u010dom cez Frodovu tv\u00e1r je prelo\u017een\u00e1 fotka m\u00e9mu Doge. Doge bol m\u00e9m pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd na vyjadrovanie vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho monol\u00f3gu, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou v nepr\u00edjemnom kontexte. Vid\u00edme tu teda m\u00e9mov\u00fa intertextualitu, plus v slovenskom kontexte to Vettergis<\/em> skombinoval s referenciou na Andreja Bi\u010dana. V 5 proti 5<\/em> mali s\u00fa\u0165a\u017eiaci h\u00e1da\u0165 najpravdepodobnej\u0161ie odpovede, ktor\u00e9 boli polo\u017een\u00e9 stovke n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch Slov\u00e1kov. Pointou bolo sa \u010do najpresnej\u0161ie trafi\u0165 a Bi\u010dan uv\u00e1dzal ot\u00e1zku \u0161t\u00fdlom: \u201eSto Slov\u00e1kov sme sa op\u00fdtali!\u201c, pri\u010dom slov\u00e1 sto a Slov\u00e1kov sa zlievali dokopy. Vznikli tak nasledovn\u00e9 m\u00e9my (obr. 8 a 9).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

(obr. 8)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (obr. 9)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Takisto je be\u017en\u00e9 odkazovanie na osobitn\u00fdch hercov zo Slovenska. Vyu\u017e\u00edvanie kr\u00e1tkych klipov zo star\u00fdch rel\u00e1ci\u00ed, ako Urag\u00e1n alebo S.O.S., je takisto popul\u00e1rna forma tvorenia m\u00e9mov, ale sk\u00f4r vo video form\u00e1toch. Mimo osobnosti Andreja Bi\u010dana v\u0161ak n\u00e1jdeme aj m\u00e9my s hercom a humoristom Romanom Pomajobom. Jeho vtipy v telev\u00edzii s\u00fa dobre zn\u00e1me, \u010di u\u017e ide o dlh\u0161ie anekdoty alebo trefn\u00e9 pozn\u00e1mky v rel\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, kde zrovna hr\u00e1. Vettergis<\/em> teda vytvoril m\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd by sn\u00e1\u010f na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead mo\u017eno vyzeral ako cit\u00e1t priamo od Pomajbu. Na nasleduj\u00facom obr\u00e1zku (obr. 10) je fotka Pomajbu, ako sa pozer\u00e1 do kamery, s n\u00e1pisom: \u201eHovorte mi medovka lek\u00e1rska, lebo som na nervy\u201c.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

(obr. 10)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Na rozdiel od Slovenska je rusk\u00e1 kult\u00fara o dos\u0165 zn\u00e1mej\u0161ia na z\u00e1pade. Existuje mnoho stereotypov od Ameri\u010danov alebo in\u00fdch kraj\u00edn, do ak\u00fdch \u0161katu\u013ekuj\u00fa Rusko a jeho obyvate\u013eov, a preto je mo\u017en\u00e9 natrafi\u0165 na m\u00e9my v angli\u010dtine, kde s\u00fa op\u00edsan\u00e9 ist\u00e9 javy z rusk\u00e9ho sveta. Medzi najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ie stereotypy o Rusku vieme zaradi\u0165 f\u00e1my o tom, ako je v Rusku ve\u010dn\u00e1 zima, chlad a komunizmus. V\u0161etci Rusi vr\u00e1tane det\u00ed pij\u00fa na dennej b\u00e1ze vodku a znes\u00fa krut\u00e9 po\u010dasie, nikdy sa neusmievaj\u00fa, v\u0161etci vlastnia matrio\u0161ky a samozrejme nesmieme zabudn\u00fa\u0165 ani na to, \u017ee v ka\u017edom ruskom meste s\u00fa pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 medvede[11]<\/a>. Rovnak\u00e9 alebo podobn\u00e9 stereotypy boli a s\u00fa \u010dasto propagovan\u00e9 aj v americk\u00fdch filmoch, \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje, \u017ee mnoho \u013eud\u00ed zo Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov nem\u00e1 pr\u00edli\u0161 informovan\u00fd obraz o \u017eivote v dne\u0161nom Rusku. M\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd to dobre vyobrazuje, m\u00e1 dva panely, ka\u017ed\u00fd s vlastn\u00fdm popisom. V\u013eavo je \u201eRusko v skuto\u010dnosti\u201c, kde vid\u00edme fotku mesta, ktor\u00e9 vyzer\u00e1 oby\u010dajne s ru\u0161nou ulicou, po ktorej prem\u00e1vaj\u00fa aut\u00e1. Vpravo je zase uk\u00e1zan\u00e1 fotka zasne\u017een\u00e9ho mesta s popisom: \u201eRusko v americk\u00fdch filmoch\u201c (obr. 11).        <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

(obr. 11)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Tieto m\u00e9my na\u0161\u0165astie nie s\u00fa kame\u0148om \u00farazu a Rusi ich na internetov\u00fdch str\u00e1nkach sami propaguj\u00fa s humorom. Ist\u00fa popularitu zaznamenali aj gopniki <\/em>(rus. \u0433\u043e\u043f\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438) \u2013 skupina \u013eud\u00ed, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou mlad\u00fdch mu\u017eov, odet\u00fdch do \u0161portovej s\u00fapravy adidas<\/em>, ktor\u00ed poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z kraj\u00edn b\u00fdval\u00e9ho Sovietskeho zv\u00e4zu, najm\u00e4 z Ruska, Ukrajiny a Bieloruska. Typick\u00e9 vyobrazenie gopnika je jeho p\u00f3za v drepe bez akejko\u013evek n\u00e1mahy \u010di probl\u00e9mu udr\u017eova\u0165 balans. Takisto s\u00fa zn\u00e1me m\u00e9my, kde p\u00f3za gopnikov figuruje ako \u010dosi zdrav\u00e9 pre telo a chrbticu (obr. 12).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Re\u00e1lia gopnikov sa v jednom m\u00e9me kombinuje aj s ve\u013emi popul\u00e1rnym jedlom \u2013 slne\u010dnicov\u00fdmi semia\u010dkami (rus. \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0438). Slne\u010dnicov\u00e9 semienka sa do Ruska dostali za vl\u00e1dy Petra Ve\u013ek\u00e9ho, ktor\u00fd ich priviezol z Holandska. Nie je s\u00edce presne zn\u00e1me, kedy ich za\u010dali \u013eudia konzumova\u0165, ale ich popularita sa rozr\u00e1stla v prvej polovici 19. storo\u010dia, kedy obyvate\u013e Vorone\u017eskej oblasti Bokaryev postavil lis na olej, \u010do umo\u017enilo r\u00fdchlu v\u00fdrobu slne\u010dnicov\u00e9ho oleja a dopyt po \u0148om. Do 20. storo\u010dia boli seme\u010dki<\/em> roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na vidieku, ale postupne sa stali ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fdm jedlom pod zub aj v mest\u00e1ch[12]<\/a>. Niet sa preto \u010dudova\u0165, \u017ee vznikol rusk\u00fd m\u00e9mov\u00fd ekvivalent k anglick\u00e9mu idi\u00f3mu \u201eDon\u2019t cry over spilled milk\u201c (Nepla\u010d nad rozliatym mliekom), kde na obr\u00e1zku vid\u00edme niekoho prezle\u010den\u00e9ho za gopnika, ako upratuje rozsypan\u00e9 seme\u010dki s popisom: \u201eDon\u2019t cry over spilled semechki\u201c (Nepla\u010d nad rozsypan\u00fdmi seme\u010dkami) (obr. 13).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

(obr. 12)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (obr. 13)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

E\u0161te by sme spomenuli jeden m\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd vznikol na z\u00e1klade ruskej kult\u00fary. Jedlo v Rusku a najm\u00e4 dezerty s\u00fa dobre zn\u00e1me aj pre \u013eud\u00ed v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Na z\u00e1pad z ruskej kuchyne prenikla torta Napoleon. Ide o dezert z roku 1912, ktor\u00fd bol vytvoren\u00fd pri 100. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed v\u00ed\u0165azstva nad Napoleonom Bonaparte. Zlo\u017eenie torty sa po\u010das rokov menilo, ale dnes ju pozn\u00e1me ako tortu s mnoh\u00fdmi pl\u00e1tmi z dom\u00e1ceho l\u00edstkov\u00e9ho cesta (niekedy aj viac ne\u017e 20 kusov), medzi ktor\u00fdmi je rozotret\u00fd hust\u00fd pudingov\u00fd kr\u00e9m[13]<\/a>. Nie v\u0161etci v\u0161ak poznaj\u00fa p\u00f4vod n\u00e1zvu tohto dezertu a nemaj\u00fa po\u0148atia, \u017ee tak \u00fazko s\u00favis\u00ed s ruskou hist\u00f3riou. Influencerka z Instagramu rusuchilka<\/em>, ktorej str\u00e1nka a imid\u017e s\u00fa zalo\u017een\u00e9 na v\u00fdu\u010dbe rusk\u00e9ho jazyka, vytvorila o tomto dezerte m\u00e9m v anglickom jazyku. Hlavn\u00fd n\u00e1pis je v angli\u010dtine a v preklade sa tam p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201eKe\u010f si sa za\u010dal u\u010di\u0165 ru\u0161tinu a teraz pozn\u00e1\u0161 dvoch Napoleonov\u201c. Nasleduj\u00fa dva obr\u00e1zky: jeden s Napoleonom Bonaparte a druh\u00fd s odrezan\u00fdm k\u00faskom torty Napoleon (obr. 14).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

(obr. 14)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Na z\u00e1ver teda m\u00f4\u017eeme skon\u0161tatova\u0165, \u017ee m\u00e9my s\u00fa skuto\u010dne bohat\u00fdmi kreoliza\u010dn\u00fdmi textami, pokr\u00fdvaj\u00facimi \u0161irok\u00fa \u0161k\u00e1lu t\u00e9m a ide\u00ed. Od prastar\u00fdch \u201eproto-m\u00e9mov\u201c cez Dawkinsa, Grumpy Cat<\/em> a slovensk\u00e9 m\u00e9my a\u017e po tie rusk\u00e9 \u2013 tento fenom\u00e9n si zaistil ur\u010dit\u00fa poz\u00edciu sn\u00e1\u010f u\u017e v ka\u017edej modernej kult\u00fare vo svete. Ukazuje n\u00e1m, ako be\u017en\u00ed \u013eudia nar\u00e1baj\u00fa so svojimi vzormi v anglickej kult\u00fare a pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa ich do rodnej kult\u00fary, prisp\u00f4sobuj\u00fac tak trendy v zahrani\u010d\u00ed a vytv\u00e1raj\u00fac nov\u00e9 u nich doma. Tvorcov na internete je mnoho a ani z\u010faleka sa toto \u010d\u00edslo nezmen\u0161\u00ed, pr\u00e1ve naopak \u2013 bude aj na\u010falej r\u00e1s\u0165 a m\u00e9my bud\u00fa \u017ei\u0165 z\u00e1rove\u0148 s nami a na\u0161imi dejinami v nov\u00fdch podob\u00e1ch , rovnako ako aj m\u00e9m kostlivca z Turecka.                <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n
\n

[1]<\/a> DAWKINS, Richard. 1976. The Selfish Gene. In: Google Books [online]. [cit. 12-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/books.google.sk\/books?id=WkHO9HI7koEC&pg=PA192&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false<\/a> ><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> DAWKINS, Richard. 1976. The Selfish Gene. In: Google Books [online]. [cit. 12-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/books.google.sk\/books?id=WkHO9HI7koEC&pg=PA192&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false<\/a> ><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Inverse. 2016. [online]. [cit. 06-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.inverse.com\/article\/14868-archaeologists-discover-ancient-skeleton-meme-mural-saying-be-cheerful-and-live-your-life<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> BBC. 2018. [online]. [cit. 06-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-43783521<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> KANASHINA, Svetlana. 2020. Internet Meme as a Creolized Text. 2020, s. 1. In: SSRN [online]. [cit. 12-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3529078<\/a>><\/u><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> KANASHINA, Svetlana. 2020. Internet Meme as a Creolized Text. 2020 s. 2. In: SSRN [online]. [cit. 12-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3529078<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> KEEP, Lennlee. 2020. From Kilroy to Pepe: A Brief History of Memes. In: PBS [online]. [cit. 13-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/independentlens\/blog\/from-kilroy-to-pepe-a-brief-history-of-memes\/<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> PALUMBO, Jacqui. 2022. The Internet\u2019s famous dancing baby from 1996 is getting a new look. In: CNN [online]. [cit. 13-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/style\/article\/dancing-baby-meme-nft\/index.html<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> MICHAELS, Sean. 2008. Taking the Rick. In: The Guardian [online]. [cit. 13-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/music\/2008\/mar\/19\/news<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> MCCRARTHY, Eric. 2019. 15 Facts About Grumpy Cat. In: Mental Floss [online]. [cit. 13-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/www.mentalfloss.com\/article\/53217\/16-fun-facts-about-grumpy-cat<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> TRAVEL ALL RUSSIA. 2020. Top 10 Russian Stereotypes. In: TRAVEL ALL RUSSIA [online]. [cit. 13-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.travelallrussia.com\/blog\/top-10-russian-stereotypes<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> LEARN RUSSIAN IN EU. 2024. Russian People and Semechki SUnflower Seeds: The Story Behind the Complex Relationships. In: LEARN RUSSIAN IN EU [online]. [cit. 20-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/learnrussianineu.com\/russian-people-and-semechki-sunflower-seeds-the-story-behind-the-complex-relationships\/<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> GOKUN SILVER, Margarita. 2019. A Russian New Year\u2019s Party Isn\u2019t Complete Without a Napoleon Cake. In: Saveur [online]. [cit. 20-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/www.saveur.com\/russian-tradition-napoleon-cake\/<\/a>><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Bibliografia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Internetov\u00e9 zdroje a \u010dl\u00e1nky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DAWKINS, Richard. 1976. The Selfish Gene. In: Google Books [online]. [cit. 12-04-2024]. ISBN<\/em> 9780198575191. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/books.google.sk\/books?id=WkHO9HI7koEC&pg=PA192&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

INVERSE. 2016. [online]. [cit. 06-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.inverse.com\/article\/14868-archaeologists-discover-ancient-skeleton-meme-mural-saying-be-cheerful-and-live-your-life<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

KANASHINA, Svetlana. 2020. Internet Meme as a Creolized Text. 2020, s. 1. In: SSRN [online]. [cit. 12-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3529078<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

KANASHINA, Svetlana. 2020. Internet Meme as a Creolized Text. 2020, s. 2. In: SSRN [online]. [cit. 12-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3529078<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

KEEP, Lennlee. 2020. From Kilroy to Pepe: A Brief History of Memes. In: PBS [online]. [cit. 13-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/independentlens\/blog\/from-kilroy-to-pepe-a-brief-history-of-memes\/<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

PALUMBO, Jacqui. 2022. The Internet\u2019s famous dancing baby from 1996 is getting a new look. In: CNN [online]. [cit. 13-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/style\/article\/dancing-baby-meme-nft\/index.html<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MICHAELS, Sean. 2008. Taking the Rick. In: The Guardian [online]. [cit. 13-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/music\/2008\/mar\/19\/news<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MCCRARTHY, Eric. 2019. 15 Facts About Grumpy Cat. In: Mental Floss [online]. [cit. 13-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/www.mentalfloss.com\/article\/53217\/16-fun-facts-about-grumpy-cat<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

TRAVEL ALL RUSSIA. 2020. Top 10 Russian Stereotypes. In: TRAVEL ALL RUSSIA [online]. [cit. 13-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.travelallrussia.com\/blog\/top-10-russian-stereotypes<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

LEARN RUSSIAN IN EU. 2024. Russian People and Semechki SUnflower Seeds: The Story Behind the Complex Relationships. In: LEARN RUSSIAN IN EU [online]. [cit. 20-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/learnrussianineu.com\/russian-people-and-semechki-sunflower-seeds-the-story-behind-the-complex-relationships\/<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

GOKUN SILVER, Margarita. 2019. A Russian New Year\u2019s Party Isn\u2019t Complete Without a Napoleon Cake. In: Saveur [online]. [cit. 20-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/www.saveur.com\/russian-tradition-napoleon-cake\/<\/a>><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Zdroje obr\u00e1zkov<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Obr\u00e1zok 1: INVERSE. 2016. [online]. [cit. 06-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/www.inverse.com\/article\/14868-archaeologists-discover-ancient-skeleton-meme-mural-saying-be-cheerful-and-live-your-life<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obr\u00e1zok 2: BBC. 2018. [online]. [cit. 06-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-trending-43783521<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obr\u00e1zok 3: KEEP, Lennlee. 2020. From Kilroy to Pepe: A Brief History of Memes. In: PBS [online]. [cit. 13-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/independentlens\/blog\/from-kilroy-to-pepe-a-brief-history-of-memes\/<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obr\u00e1zok 4: WIKIP\u00c9DIA, slobodn\u00e1 encyklop\u00e9dia. Hampster Dance. [online]. [cit. 13-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hampster_Dance<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obr\u00e1zok 5: AADITYARATHOUR. 2014. In: Fun [online.] [cit. 13-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/imgflip.com\/i\/5gtgh<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obr\u00e1zok 6: LACEYROBINS1. 2020. In: International Stream [online]. [cit. 15-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/imgflip.com\/i\/44az91<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obr\u00e1zok 7: SA UKLUDNI. 2018. In: Facebook [online]. [cit. 13-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: <https:\/\/m.facebook.com\/story.php?story_fbid=pfbid0x82r2J5z6MM67wcPfyfRNuUXbDcs4c1pP8NgkJNLysbFM3uazkuDZqZ4kMvLDJzul&id=210475202631598<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obr\u00e1zok 8: VETTERGIS. 2021. In: Facebook [online]. [cit. 15-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vettergis\/photos\/a.825339417559144\/3658413910918333\/?type=3<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obr\u00e1zok 9: VETTERGIS. 2021. In: Facebook [online]. [cit. 15-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/m.facebook.com\/photo.php?fbid=3566010810158644&vanity=vettergis&slug=a.825339417559144<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obr\u00e1zok 10: VETTERGIS. 2024. In: Instagram [online]. [15-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/C4XaWrytY9S\/?igsh=MTg3Y2lkMmg5aXVjdg%3D%3D<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obr\u00e1zok 11: 9GAGGER. 2021. In: 9gag. [online]. [cit. 20-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/9gag.com\/gag\/av5w23b<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obr\u00e1zok 12: RUSKIMEME__. 2022. In: Instagram [online]. [cit. 20-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CZ0IRb7tQwx\/?igsh=MmRkcWpyb3NnaGlt<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obr\u00e1zok 13: SQUATTERS_RIGHTZ. 2021. In: Instagram [online]. [cit. 20-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete: < https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CXgn8hpF0bT\/?igsh=MTJyYzB4YzJicjl1bQ%3D%3D<\/a>><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obr\u00e1zok 14: RUSUCHILKA. 2023. In: Instagram [online]. [cit. 20-04-2024]. Dostupn\u00e9 na internete:< https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/C1faBjRotVx\/?igsh=MXFqeWgxcDc4cW8waQ%3D%3D<\/a>><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Autorka: Vikt\u00f3ria Kaderov\u00e1Korekt\u00fara: Ter\u00e9zia Siv\u010d\u00e1kov\u00e1 M\u00e9my sa stali neoddelite\u013enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou dne\u0161nej internetovej kult\u00fary. Vyjadruj\u00fa em\u00f3cie, sprostredk\u00favaj\u00fa inform\u00e1cie a prisp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa sa ako kult\u00fare, tak aj jazyku. Slovo m\u00e9m vych\u00e1dza z anglick\u00e9ho meme, ktor\u00e9 zaviedol britsk\u00fd zool\u00f3g a evolu\u010dn\u00fd biol\u00f3g Richard Dawkins e\u0161te v sedemdesiatych rokoch 20. storo\u010dia v knihe s n\u00e1zvom Sebeck\u00fd g\u00e9n (The Selfish Gene). Kniha sa prim\u00e1rne venuje popisu g\u00e9nu ako hlavnej jednotky, ktor\u00e1 figuruje […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":459,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clanok"],"yoast_head":"\nVplyv anglickej internetovej kult\u00fary na m\u00e9my v slovenskom a ruskom kybernetickom priestore\u00a0 - Rusalka a Samyzdat<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/?p=486\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vplyv anglickej internetovej kult\u00fary na m\u00e9my v slovenskom a ruskom kybernetickom priestore\u00a0 - Rusalka a Samyzdat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Autorka: Vikt\u00f3ria Kaderov\u00e1Korekt\u00fara: Ter\u00e9zia Siv\u010d\u00e1kov\u00e1 M\u00e9my sa stali neoddelite\u013enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou dne\u0161nej internetovej kult\u00fary. Vyjadruj\u00fa em\u00f3cie, sprostredk\u00favaj\u00fa inform\u00e1cie a prisp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa sa ako kult\u00fare, tak aj jazyku. Slovo m\u00e9m vych\u00e1dza z anglick\u00e9ho meme, ktor\u00e9 zaviedol britsk\u00fd zool\u00f3g a evolu\u010dn\u00fd biol\u00f3g Richard Dawkins e\u0161te v sedemdesiatych rokoch 20. storo\u010dia v knihe s n\u00e1zvom Sebeck\u00fd g\u00e9n (The Selfish Gene). Kniha sa prim\u00e1rne venuje popisu g\u00e9nu ako hlavnej jednotky, ktor\u00e1 figuruje […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/?p=486\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Rusalka a Samyzdat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/rusalkakrvs\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-08-08T10:55:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-08-11T16:37:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/medovka.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"291\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"300\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"rusalka-samyzdat\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Autor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"rusalka-samyzdat\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"21 min\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\\\/?p=486#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\\\/?p=486\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"rusalka-samyzdat\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/361593544d702324f69c9fbd09aa78eb\"},\"headline\":\"Vplyv anglickej internetovej kult\u00fary na m\u00e9my v slovenskom a ruskom kybernetickom priestore\u00a0\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-08T10:55:17+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-08-11T16:37:20+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\\\/?p=486\"},\"wordCount\":5060,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\\\/?p=486#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/medovka.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"\u010cl\u00e1nky\"],\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\\\/?p=486#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\\\/?p=486\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\\\/?p=486\",\"name\":\"Vplyv anglickej internetovej kult\u00fary na m\u00e9my v slovenskom a ruskom kybernetickom priestore\u00a0 - Rusalka a Samyzdat\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\\\/?p=486#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\\\/?p=486#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/medovka.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-08T10:55:17+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-08-11T16:37:20+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/361593544d702324f69c9fbd09aa78eb\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\\\/?p=486#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\\\/?p=486\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\\\/?p=486#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/medovka.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/medovka.png\",\"width\":291,\"height\":300},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\\\/?p=486#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Vplyv anglickej internetovej kult\u00fary na m\u00e9my v slovenskom a ruskom kybernetickom priestore\u00a0\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\\\/\",\"name\":\"Rusalka a Samyzdat\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/361593544d702324f69c9fbd09aa78eb\",\"name\":\"rusalka-samyzdat\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/c61e89a0685f7d4d16ad9391362b503b5c1d4c43f1926ad63cdf5a4972245bfa?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/c61e89a0685f7d4d16ad9391362b503b5c1d4c43f1926ad63cdf5a4972245bfa?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/c61e89a0685f7d4d16ad9391362b503b5c1d4c43f1926ad63cdf5a4972245bfa?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"rusalka-samyzdat\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/rusalkakrvs\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/rusalka_krvs\\\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\\\/?author=1\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Vplyv anglickej internetovej kult\u00fary na m\u00e9my v slovenskom a ruskom kybernetickom priestore\u00a0 - Rusalka a Samyzdat","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/?p=486","og_locale":"sk_SK","og_type":"article","og_title":"Vplyv anglickej internetovej kult\u00fary na m\u00e9my v slovenskom a ruskom kybernetickom priestore\u00a0 - Rusalka a Samyzdat","og_description":"Autorka: Vikt\u00f3ria Kaderov\u00e1Korekt\u00fara: Ter\u00e9zia Siv\u010d\u00e1kov\u00e1 M\u00e9my sa stali neoddelite\u013enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou dne\u0161nej internetovej kult\u00fary. Vyjadruj\u00fa em\u00f3cie, sprostredk\u00favaj\u00fa inform\u00e1cie a prisp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa sa ako kult\u00fare, tak aj jazyku. Slovo m\u00e9m vych\u00e1dza z anglick\u00e9ho meme, ktor\u00e9 zaviedol britsk\u00fd zool\u00f3g a evolu\u010dn\u00fd biol\u00f3g Richard Dawkins e\u0161te v sedemdesiatych rokoch 20. storo\u010dia v knihe s n\u00e1zvom Sebeck\u00fd g\u00e9n (The Selfish Gene). Kniha sa prim\u00e1rne venuje popisu g\u00e9nu ako hlavnej jednotky, ktor\u00e1 figuruje […]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/?p=486","og_site_name":"Rusalka a Samyzdat","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/rusalkakrvs","article_published_time":"2025-08-08T10:55:17+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-08-11T16:37:20+00:00","og_image":[{"width":291,"height":300,"url":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/medovka.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"rusalka-samyzdat","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Autor":"rusalka-samyzdat","Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania":"21 min\u00fat"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/?p=486#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/?p=486"},"author":{"name":"rusalka-samyzdat","@id":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/#\/schema\/person\/361593544d702324f69c9fbd09aa78eb"},"headline":"Vplyv anglickej internetovej kult\u00fary na m\u00e9my v slovenskom a ruskom kybernetickom priestore\u00a0","datePublished":"2025-08-08T10:55:17+00:00","dateModified":"2025-08-11T16:37:20+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/?p=486"},"wordCount":5060,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/?p=486#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/medovka.png","articleSection":["\u010cl\u00e1nky"],"inLanguage":"sk-SK","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/?p=486#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/?p=486","url":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/?p=486","name":"Vplyv anglickej internetovej kult\u00fary na m\u00e9my v slovenskom a ruskom kybernetickom priestore\u00a0 - Rusalka a Samyzdat","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/?p=486#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/?p=486#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/medovka.png","datePublished":"2025-08-08T10:55:17+00:00","dateModified":"2025-08-11T16:37:20+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/#\/schema\/person\/361593544d702324f69c9fbd09aa78eb"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/?p=486#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"sk-SK","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/?p=486"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/?p=486#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/medovka.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/medovka.png","width":291,"height":300},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/?p=486#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Vplyv anglickej internetovej kult\u00fary na m\u00e9my v slovenskom a ruskom kybernetickom priestore\u00a0"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/","name":"Rusalka a Samyzdat","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"sk-SK"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/#\/schema\/person\/361593544d702324f69c9fbd09aa78eb","name":"rusalka-samyzdat","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c61e89a0685f7d4d16ad9391362b503b5c1d4c43f1926ad63cdf5a4972245bfa?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c61e89a0685f7d4d16ad9391362b503b5c1d4c43f1926ad63cdf5a4972245bfa?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c61e89a0685f7d4d16ad9391362b503b5c1d4c43f1926ad63cdf5a4972245bfa?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"rusalka-samyzdat"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/rusalkakrvs","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/rusalka_krvs\/"],"url":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/?author=1"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/486","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=486"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/486\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":648,"href":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/486\/revisions\/648"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/459"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=486"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=486"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=486"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}