{"id":480,"date":"2025-08-08T12:52:42","date_gmt":"2025-08-08T10:52:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/?p=480"},"modified":"2025-08-10T12:11:30","modified_gmt":"2025-08-10T10:11:30","slug":"kde-bolo-tam-bolo-jestvovali-magicke-cisla","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/?p=480","title":{"rendered":"Kde bolo, tam bolo, jestvovali magick\u00e9 \u010d\u00edsla"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Autorka: Ema \u017dugecov\u00e1
Korekt\u00fara: Erika Rati\u010d\u00e1kov\u00e1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Za siedmimi horami, dvan\u00e1s\u0165 mesia\u010dikov alebo tri orie\u0161ky pre Popolu\u0161ku \u2013 to je len p\u00e1r z\u202fmnoh\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel, ktor\u00e9 sa vyskytuj\u00fa v\u202f\u013eudov\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1vkach. Zamysleli ste sa niekedy nad t\u00fdm, \u010di maj\u00fa tak\u00e9to \u010d\u00edsla nejak\u00fd v\u00fdznam? \u010ci danej rozpr\u00e1vke dotv\u00e1raj\u00fa zmysel, alebo ide len o n\u00e1hodu?  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Najstar\u0161ie d\u00f4kazy o tom, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010d\u00edsla sa pova\u017eovali za posv\u00e4tn\u00e9, poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa zo starovekej Mezopot\u00e1mie. Pod\u013ea B\u00e9rossa, babylonsk\u00e9ho k\u0148aza, ktor\u00fd spisom Babyloniaka<\/em> posunul \u010falej poznatky o starovekej Mezopot\u00e1mii Gr\u00e9kom a Rimanom, sa \u010d\u00edslam pripisuje n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd v\u00fdznam u\u017e od praveku. Mezopot\u00e1msky symbolizmus a mystika \u010d\u00edsel sa nesk\u00f4r roz\u0161\u00edrili aj k\u202fsusedom Sumerov \u2013 Indom, Per\u017eanom, \u017didom a Gr\u00e9kom. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kedysi, ba dokonca aj v\u202fBiblii, boli niektor\u00e9 \u010d\u00edsla ak\u00fdmsi druhom \u0161ifry pre ur\u010dit\u00fa skuto\u010dnos\u0165. Sedmi\u010dka sa napr\u00edklad pova\u017euje za znak plnosti a desiatka je zas vo viacer\u00fdch kult\u00farach symbolom \u0161\u0165astia. O symbolike \u010d\u00edsel je teda u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 nie\u010do vedie\u0165 aj dnes. M\u00f4\u017ee n\u00e1m to pom\u00f4c\u0165 lep\u0161ie prenikn\u00fa\u0165 do sp\u00f4sobu myslenia v minul\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch, a tak vn\u00edma\u0165 niektor\u00e9 jemn\u00e9 odtiene starovek\u00fdch textov, ale aj \u013eudov\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1vok. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trojka zohr\u00e1va d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu v\u202fnajr\u00f4znej\u0161\u00edch kult\u00farach. Vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine z\u202fnich sa sp\u00e1ja so vznikom vesm\u00edru a\u202fjeho rozlo\u017een\u00edm. V\u202fEgypte sa za hlavn\u00e9 elementy sveta ch\u00e1pu nebo, zem a\u202fpodsvetie. Rovnako sa aj bohovia \u010dasto sp\u00e1jali do troj\u00edc. Ak sa z\u202fEgypta presunieme do Indie, k\u202fhinduistick\u00e9mu n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvu, m\u00f4\u017eeme spomen\u00fa\u0165 trojicu bohov Brahmu, Vi\u0161nu a \u0160ivu. Pr\u00e1ve tak\u00e9to bo\u017esk\u00e9 trojice sa mohli do \u013eudov\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1vok prenies\u0165 ako postavy troch bratov. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sedmi\u010dka bola pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za ve\u013emi \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo. Takmer v\u017edy poukazuje na pozit\u00edvne aspekty \u017eivota \u2013 t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148 m\u00e1 sedem dn\u00ed, v d\u00fahe je sedem farieb, pozn\u00e1me sedem divov sveta a v hudbe existuje sedem t\u00f3nov. Aj v ruskej kult\u00fare je \u010d\u00edslo sedem symbol \u0161\u0165astia. V staroslovanskej mytol\u00f3gii sa hovor\u00ed o siedmich bohoch starorusk\u00e9ho pante\u00f3nu \u010di o siedmich nebesiach. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010c\u00edslo dvan\u00e1s\u0165 sa v mnoh\u00fdch kult\u00farach pova\u017euje za \u010d\u00edslo najvy\u0161\u0161ej dokonalosti. M\u00f4\u017ee vznikn\u00fa\u0165 n\u00e1sobkom trojky a\u202f\u0161tvorky, dvoch \u010d\u00edsel s vysokou magickos\u0165ou, ale aj ako s\u00fa\u010det p\u00e4\u0165ky a sedmi\u010dky \u2013 op\u00e4\u0165 dvoch vysoko magick\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel. Nielen\u017ee rok m\u00e1 dvan\u00e1s\u0165 mesiacov a pozn\u00e1me dvan\u00e1s\u0165 znamen\u00ed zverokruhu, ale aj de\u0148 m\u00f4\u017eeme rozdeli\u0165 na dve dvan\u00e1s\u0165hodinov\u00e9 \u010dasti. Toto \u010d\u00edslo sa stalo s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou mnoh\u00fdch merac\u00edch a menov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov \u2013 jedna anglick\u00e1 stopa je dvan\u00e1s\u0165 palcov, \u0161iling je zas dvan\u00e1s\u0165 penc\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee v\u0161etci m\u00e1me ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fa rozpr\u00e1vku z\u202fdetstva. Dokonca s\u00fa aj tak\u00ed, ktor\u00ed rozpr\u00e1vky vyh\u013ead\u00e1vaj\u00fa i v\u202fdospelosti. Ale \u010do je to vlastne rozpr\u00e1vka? Definova\u0165 sa ju pok\u00fa\u0161ali mnoh\u00ed, ale najlep\u0161ie a\u202fnajd\u00f4kladnej\u0161ie sa to podarilo rusk\u00e9mu liter\u00e1rnemu vedcovi Vladimirovi J. Proppovi. Ten uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee v\u202frozpr\u00e1vke sa mus\u00ed vyskytn\u00fa\u0165 rozuzlenie deja v\u202fpodobe akejsi sp\u00e1sy (napr. z\u00e1chrana kr\u00e1snej princeznej z\u202fvysokej ve\u017ee, n\u00e1vrat Jan\u00ed\u010dka a\u202fMarienky domov, zru\u0161enie kliatby zlej \u010darodejnice a\u202fpodobne). Ka\u017ed\u00e1 kult\u00fara preniesla do rozpr\u00e1vok vlastn\u00e9 spolo\u010densk\u00e9 re\u00e1lie, hrdinov, trad\u00edcie a hodnoty, \u010d\u00edm vznikli v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 kult\u00farne vari\u00e1cie. Rozpr\u00e1vka pln\u00ed viacero funkci\u00ed, prostredn\u00edctvom pr\u00edbehov a obrazov umo\u017e\u0148uje prenos k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch etick\u00fdch pojmov a podporuje proces socializ\u00e1cie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jednou z\u202fnajv\u00fdraznej\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u0155t \u017e\u00e1nru \u013eudovej rozpr\u00e1vky je symbolika \u2013 konkr\u00e9tne \u010d\u00edseln\u00e1. Na na\u0161om \u00fazem\u00ed sa stret\u00e1vame najm\u00e4 s\u202f\u010d\u00edslami tri, sedem, dev\u00e4\u0165 a\u202fdvan\u00e1s\u0165. V\u202fslovensk\u00fdch \u013eudov\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1vkach sa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie spom\u00edna \u010d\u00edslo tri. Ve\u010f \u010do by to bolo za rozpr\u00e1vku bez trojhlav\u00e9ho draka alebo troch neuskuto\u010dnite\u013en\u00fdch \u017eelan\u00ed kr\u00e1\u013ea, ktor\u00e9 stato\u010dn\u00fd rytier aj tak zvl\u00e1dne splni\u0165?  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Niektor\u00e9 \u010d\u00edsla s\u00fa jasn\u00e9 u\u017e na prv\u00e9 pre\u010d\u00edtanie alebo pozretie rozpr\u00e1vky a\u202fich v\u00fdznam si dok\u00e1\u017eeme hne\u010f domyslie\u0165 \u2013 dvojka je takmer v\u017edy symbolom dvojice, ktor\u00e1 \u010ditate\u013eovi ukazuje dva protikladn\u00e9 znaky. Na protikladnej dualite s\u00fa zalo\u017een\u00e9 mnoh\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vkov\u00e9 z\u00e1pletky \u2013 dobro a zlo, \u010dierna a biela, \u017eivot a smr\u0165, svetlo a tma alebo bohatstvo a chudoba. Trojka v sebe skr\u00fdva najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu magickos\u0165. Ryb\u00e1rovi zlat\u00e1 rybka pln\u00ed tri \u017eelania, Popolu\u0161ka si otv\u00e1ra tri orie\u0161ky, princ bojuje s\u202ftrojhlav\u00fdm drakom, kr\u00e1\u013e v\u202frozpr\u00e1vke So\u013e nad zlato<\/em> m\u00e1 tri dc\u00e9ry\u2026 Pokia\u013e sa dej rozpr\u00e1vky odohr\u00e1va okolo post\u00e1v troch s\u00farodencov, rozpr\u00e1va\u010d preukazuje sympatie najm\u00e4 tomu tretiemu, najmlad\u0161iemu. Od oboch star\u0161\u00edch sa o\u010dak\u00e1vaj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00e9 skutky a ten najmlad\u0161\u00ed je v o\u010diach ostatn\u00fdch ne\u0161ikovn\u00fd alebo hl\u00fapy. Najmlad\u0161\u00ed v\u0161ak nesk\u00f4r preuk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee p\u00fdcha sa nevypl\u00e1ca, ke\u010f\u017ee zdrav\u00fdm rozumom predbehne s\u00farodencov v r\u00f4znych \u00faloh\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 sa menia od rozpr\u00e1vky k\u202frozpr\u00e1vke. Jedn\u00fdm z\u202fnajmagickej\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00edsel je sedmi\u010dka, ktor\u00e1 sa objavuje najm\u00e4 v\u202fs\u00favislosti s \u010dasom. Hrdinovia rozpr\u00e1vok \u010dasto musia nie\u010do vykona\u0165 do siedmich hod\u00edn, dn\u00ed, t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov \u010di rokov. \u010c\u00edslo sedem tak prid\u00e1va pr\u00edbehom zvl\u00e1\u0161tnu rytmiku a pocit, \u017ee v\u0161etko m\u00e1 svoj presne stanoven\u00fd \u010das.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Ilustr\u00e1cia<\/em>\u00a0z\u00a0diela Slovensk\u00e9 proston\u00e1rodn\u00e9 povesti, zv. 1., Zakliata hora.\u00a0<\/em>
Magick\u00e9 \u010d\u00edsla sa nenach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa len v\u00a0texte rozpr\u00e1vok, ale aj na ilustr\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. Na tejto s\u00fa vyobrazen\u00ed traja bratia a\u00a0tri dvojice zvierat.\u00a0
\u00a0<\/em>(zdroj: DOB\u0160INSK\u00dd, Pavol, 1958.\u00a0Proston\u00e1rodn\u00e9 slovensk\u00e9 povesti, zv.1<\/em>. Bratislava: Slovensk\u00e9 vydavate\u013estvo kr\u00e1snej literat\u00fary. s. 37)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\u00davodn\u00e9 slov\u00e1 v\u202frozpr\u00e1vkach, ako napr\u00edklad kde bolo, tam bolo<\/em>, maj\u00fa schopnos\u0165 okam\u017eite n\u00e1s prenies\u0165 do magick\u00e9ho sveta. Tieto fr\u00e1zy nie s\u00fa len ozdobou, ale aj br\u00e1nou do pr\u00edbehu, ktor\u00e1 nazna\u010duje, \u017ee n\u00e1s \u010dak\u00e1 nie\u010do v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00e9, mimo be\u017enej reality. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 kult\u00fara m\u00e1 svoje \u0161pecifik\u00e1, a tak sa menia aj \u00favodn\u00e9 slov\u00e1. Ak si otvor\u00edme p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 Dob\u0161insk\u00e9ho rozpr\u00e1vky (Proston\u00e1rodn\u00e9 slovensk\u00e9 povesti, zv. 1 \u2013 3<\/em>) a pre\u010d\u00edtame si \u010do i\u202flen p\u00e1r pr\u00edbehov, zist\u00edme, \u017ee v mnoh\u00fdch z nich mus\u00ed ml\u00e1denec prejs\u0165 sedemdesiatsedem kraj\u00edn, aby objavil poklad \u010di vyslobodil princezn\u00fa. Zdvojen\u00e1 sedmi\u010dka v tak\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch m\u00f4\u017ee vyjadrova\u0165, \u017ee dan\u00e9 miesto je ve\u013emi vzdialen\u00e9 a je a\u017e takmer ne\u013eudsk\u00e9 dosta\u0165 sa tam. Ke\u010f\u017ee miesto nie je priamo ur\u010den\u00e9, m\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu anonymitu, a\u202fmy, \u010ditatelia, m\u00f4\u017eeme pou\u017ei\u0165 na jeho dotvorenie predstavivos\u0165. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nespo\u010detne ve\u013ea rozpr\u00e1vok sa za\u010d\u00edna slovami \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0432\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044c<\/em> (za tridevia\u0165 zeme\u013e<\/em>) alebo \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435<\/em> (v tridesiatom carstve<\/em>). Aj ke\u010f sa m\u00f4\u017ee zda\u0165, \u017ee s\u00fa to len be\u017en\u00e9 fr\u00e1zy, nie je to tak \u00faplne pravda. Oba v\u00fdrazy vymedzuj\u00fa vzdialenos\u0165 miesta, kde sa odohr\u00e1va dej (alebo \u010das\u0165 deja) rozpr\u00e1vky. Za v\u00fdrazom \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0432\u044f\u0442\u044c<\/em> (tridevia\u0165<\/em>) sa skr\u00fdva \u010d\u00edslo 27 (3\u202f\u00d7\u202f9). Niektor\u00ed jazykovedci zast\u00e1vaj\u00fa n\u00e1zor, \u017ee tento v\u00fdraz poch\u00e1dza z\u202fdeviatkov\u00e9ho (trojkov\u00e9ho) syst\u00e9mu po\u010d\u00edtania. Pod\u013ea staroslovansk\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1ra ide z\u00e1rove\u0148 o po\u010det dn\u00ed trvania lun\u00e1rneho mesiaca, \u010di\u017ee cesta rozpr\u00e1vkov\u00e9ho hrdinu by trvala presne tak dlho. Krajina, do ktorej putuje, sa nach\u00e1dza ve\u013emi \u010faleko a je to miesto, odkia\u013e sa e\u0161te nikto nevr\u00e1til \u017eiv\u00fd. To ist\u00e9 plat\u00ed pre v\u00fdraz \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u044c<\/em> (tridesia\u0165<\/em>). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010c\u00edseln\u00e1 symbolika sa nach\u00e1dza h\u00e1dam vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch\u202f\u013eudov\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1vkach. Dod\u00e1va im rytmus a nezamenite\u013en\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru, ktor\u00e1 je v \u013eudovej slovesnosti tak\u00e1 ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e1. Objavili by ste \u010d\u00edsla aj vo svojej ob\u013e\u00fabenej rozpr\u00e1vke? Mo\u017eno si pri viano\u010dnom pozeran\u00ed Mr\u00e1zika <\/em>uvedom\u00edte, \u017ee Baba Jaga sa Ivanovi oto\u010d\u00ed chrbtom trikr\u00e1t \u2013 ide teda len o n\u00e1hodu? <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Zdroje <\/strong> <\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Betz, O.: Tajemn\u00fd sv\u011bt \u010d\u00edsel, Praha: Vy\u0161ehrad, spol. s. r. o., 2002. 158 s. IBAN 80-7021-546-1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heller, J.: Symbolika \u010d\u00edsel a\u202fjej\u00ed p\u016fvod, Praha: Pastora\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edisko p\u0159i Arcibiskupstv\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00e9m, 2003. 34 s. ISBN 80-239-4414-2. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

KAZA\u010cENKO, Boris Nikolajevi\u010d, 2007. Trideviatoje sarstvo, tridesiatoje gosudarstvo, ili kak s\u010ditali na\u0161i predki. <\/em>In: Nauka i \u017eiz\u0148 [cit. 2024-11-28]. Dostupn\u00e9 na: https:\/\/www.nkj.ru\/archive\/articles\/11814\/<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Propp, V. J.: Morfol\u00f3gia rozpr\u00e1vky, Bratislava: Tatran, 1971. 192 s. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Autorka: Ema \u017dugecov\u00e1Korekt\u00fara: Erika Rati\u010d\u00e1kov\u00e1 Za siedmimi horami, dvan\u00e1s\u0165 mesia\u010dikov alebo tri orie\u0161ky pre Popolu\u0161ku \u2013 to je len p\u00e1r z\u202fmnoh\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel, ktor\u00e9 sa vyskytuj\u00fa v\u202f\u013eudov\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1vkach. Zamysleli ste sa niekedy nad t\u00fdm, \u010di maj\u00fa tak\u00e9to \u010d\u00edsla nejak\u00fd v\u00fdznam? \u010ci danej rozpr\u00e1vke dotv\u00e1raj\u00fa zmysel, alebo ide len o n\u00e1hodu?   Najstar\u0161ie d\u00f4kazy o tom, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":264,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-480","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clanok"],"yoast_head":"\nKde bolo, tam bolo, jestvovali magick\u00e9 \u010d\u00edsla - Rusalka a Samyzdat<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rusalka-samyzdat.sk\/?p=480\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kde bolo, tam bolo, jestvovali magick\u00e9 \u010d\u00edsla - Rusalka a Samyzdat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Autorka: Ema \u017dugecov\u00e1Korekt\u00fara: Erika Rati\u010d\u00e1kov\u00e1 Za siedmimi horami, dvan\u00e1s\u0165 mesia\u010dikov alebo tri orie\u0161ky pre Popolu\u0161ku \u2013 to je len p\u00e1r z\u202fmnoh\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel, ktor\u00e9 sa vyskytuj\u00fa v\u202f\u013eudov\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1vkach. 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